Alcohol and psychotropic substance use in female spanish victims of intimate partnet violence / Consumo de alcohol y sustancias psicotrópicas en mujeres españolas víctimas de violencia de género en la pareja

BACKGROUND: Studies show high use of alcohol among American women who are victims of intimate partner violence (IPV), but not in Spanish victims. This study examines hazardous drinking, use of psychotropic substances, and the relationship with psychopathological symptoms in Spanish women who are victims of IPV. METHOD: 50 battered women and 50 control women from general population were assessed. RESULTS: Hazardous drinking in women victims of IPV (18.4% and 24.5%) was higher than in previous Spanish studies, and lower than in controls (no significant difference). Women victims of IPV showed a significantly higher use of psychotropic medication than controls (40% vs. 20%). For women victims of IPV, psychopathological symptoms were not related to use of alcohol, but use of psychotropic medication was related to post-traumatic arousal. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that Spanish women victims of IPV may resort to psychotropic medication rather than alcohol to cope with their symptoms

ANTECEDENTES: los estudios muestran un alto consumo de alcohol en las mujeres maltratadas americanas, pero no en las españolas. Este estudio examina en mujeres maltratadas españolas: el consumo de riesgo de alcohol, el consumo de sustancias psicotrópicas y la relación con los síntomas psicopatológicos. MÉTODO: 50 mujeres maltratadas y 50 mujeres controles de la población general fueron evaluadas. RESULTADOS: el consumo de riesgo de alcohol en mujeres maltratadas (18,4% y 24,5%) fue superior al encontrado en los estudios españoles previos, e inferior a los controles (sin diferencias significativas). Las mujeres maltratadas mostraban un consumo de psicofármacos significativamente mayor que las controles (40% vs. 20%). En las mujeres maltratadas, los síntomas psicopatológicos no estaban relacionados con el consumo de alcohol, sin embargo el consumo de psicofármacos se relacionaba con la activación postraumática. CONCLUSIONES: los resultados sugieren que las mujeres maltratadas españolas pueden recurrir a los psicofármacos en lugar de al alcohol para hacer frente a sus síntomas

Posttraumatic Stress Symptomatology in Pre-Hospital Emergency Care Professionals Assaulted by Patients and/or Relatives: Importance of Severity and Experience of the Aggression.

Exposure to violence from patients or relatives causes problems in emergency departments. To assess the development of posttraumatic symptoms in pre-hospital emergency care professionals assaulted by patients and/or relatives, it may be crucial to establish preventive measures at different levels. This study examined 358 pre-hospital emergency care professionals assaulted by patients and/or relatives. The aims of the present study were (a) to assess the presence of posttraumatic symptoms and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and (b) identify compliance diagnoses for PTSD depending on the experience of aggression (presence of fear, helplessness, or horror during the aggression), the perceived severity of aggression, and socio-demographic variables (gender, age, profession, employment status, and work experience). The results show that the experience of aggression with fear, helplessness, or horror is associated with the presence of posttraumatic symptoms related to re-experiencing but is not related to avoidance and emotional numbing and arousal. Furthermore, the perception of aggression as severe was associated with the presence of symptoms related to re-experiencing. These results are presented and discussed.

La evaluación de la calidad de vida en personas con demencia / Quality of life assessment in patients with dementia

La calidad de vida (CV) es una de las variables resultado más importantes para estudiar la eficacia de intervenciones en personas con demencia. Sin embargo, su evaluación es difícil porque: a) este es un constructo complejo para el que no existe una aproximación teórica o conceptual unificada, y b) porque al tratarse de personas con deterioro cognitivo se complica enormemente la obtención de información fiable. En este trabajo se revisan diferentes métodos e instrumentos dirigidos a este fin. Es importante tener en cuenta la visión subjetiva de la propia persona evaluada pues las evaluaciones de personas próximas tienden a subestimar la CV. A pesar de que el campo necesita más desarrollo, se concluye que el instrumento de elección es el QOL-AD, por ser sensible al cambio, correlacionar con medidas de salud, estar traducido a varios idiomas y poder administrarse a personas con puntuaciones bajas en el MMSE(AU)

Quality of life (QoL) is one of the most important outcome variables in the study of the efficacy of interventions with people with dementia. However, its assessment is difficult 1) because it is a complex construct for which there is no unified theoretical or conceptual approach, and 2) because of the inherent difficulties in the cognitive impairments of the people under study. In this work different methods and instruments to this end are reviewed, and related findings are discussed. It is important to take into account the subjective view of the assessed person, as assessments done by proxies tend to underestimate QoL. In spite of the need for further development in this field, it is concluded that the instrument of choice is the QOL-AD, as it is change-sensitive, it correlates with health measurements, it is translated into several languages and it can be administered to people with low MMSE scores(AU)

[Quality of life assessment in patients with dementia]. / La evaluación de la calidad de vida en personas con demencia.

Quality of life (QoL) is one of the most important outcome variables in the study of the efficacy of interventions with people with dementia. However, its assessment is difficult 1) because it is a complex construct for which there is no unified theoretical or conceptual approach, and 2) because of the inherent difficulties in the cognitive impairments of the people under study. In this work different methods and instruments to this end are reviewed, and related findings are discussed. It is important to take into account the subjective view of the assessed person, as assessments done by proxies tend to underestimate QoL. In spite of the need for further development in this field, it is concluded that the instrument of choice is the QOL-AD, as it is change-sensitive, it correlates with health measurements, it is translated into several languages and it can be administered to people with low MMSE scores.